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České Budějovice ((:ˈt͡ʃɛskɛː ˈbuɟɛjovɪt͡sɛ); (ドイツ語:Budweis) or ''Böhmisch Budweis''; sometimes referred to as Budweis in English) is a statutory city in the Czech Republic. It is the largest city in the South Bohemian Region as well as its political and commercial capital, the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of České Budějovice, the University of South Bohemia, and the Academy of Sciences. It is located in the center of a valley of the Vltava River, at the confluence with the Malše. České Budějovice, which is located in the historical province of Bohemia, is not to be confused with Moravské Budějovice in Moravia. ==History== The city was founded by the King Ottokar II of Bohemia, and was granted its municipal charter in 1265. The location and projection of the city was carried by the king's knight Hirzo. The royal city was created as a platform of the king's power in South Bohemia and to counterbalance the powerful noble House of Rosenberg, which finally became extinct in 1611. In 1341, King John of Bohemia accorded permission to Jewish families to reside within the Budejovice walls and a first synagogue was erected in 1380, however several pogroms occurred in the late 15th and early 16th century. Since the Hussite Wars, the city was traditionally a bulwark of the Catholic Church during the long-lasting religious conflicts in the Kingdom of Bohemia. A part of the Habsburg Monarchy from 1526, Budejovice remained a loyal supporter of Emperor Ferdinand II in the Thirty Years' War. Budějovice experienced a short occupation by Prussia during the Silesian Wars and the war between Habsburg and French army in 1742. In 1762, the Piarists established a ''gymnasium'' here and Emperor Joseph II founded the diocese in 1785. In 1847, the production of Koh-i-Noor Hardtmuth pencils was relocated from Vienna to Budějovice. During the Second World War in March 1945, Budějovice was twice targeted by U.S. Air Force raids that greatly damaged the city and caused great loss of life. At the end of the Second World War, on 9 May 1945, the Soviet troops liberated the city. On the following day, the Red Army and the American Army met on the main square at the joint celebration of the city's liberation. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「České Budějovice」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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